kingway00 发表于 2015-1-21 19:03:44

大家知道电调上的大电容有什么作用?

几乎所有的电调上面,都会有一个到两个很大的电容

那么问题来了,这个大电容有什么作用呢?
那些说防止电机启动单片机复位的就别来了,我没加大电容,电机想怎么启动就怎么启动,也没见单片机复位过{:smile:}

wanstrive 发表于 2015-1-21 19:15:07

稳定输入电压的嘛...电源抗干扰用

磊磊映画 发表于 2015-1-21 19:25:52

给电调提供持续的电流,MOS管不断的开关开关,电源不能瞬时给MOS管提供电流,大电容就像一个蓄水池,给MOS管的开关,提供电流的

yuanbo19870216 发表于 2015-1-21 19:33:37

建议楼主用示波器看看加不加电容电源上的波形就知道了{:titter:}

zqbing 发表于 2015-1-21 19:38:30

这个深入研究,定量计算,我觉得要请大师分析{:lol:}
不懂帮顶{:lol:}

huangqi412 发表于 2015-1-21 19:48:19

楼主上示波器吧。。。

kingway00 发表于 2015-1-21 19:58:19

yuanbo19870216 发表于 2015-1-21 19:33
建议楼主用示波器看看加不加电容电源上的波形就知道了

没有示波器{:sweat:} ,我的意思是我没加大电容,照样用得好好的

kingway00 发表于 2015-1-21 19:58:37

huangqi412 发表于 2015-1-21 19:48
楼主上示波器吧。。。

没有示波器{:mad:}

luld 发表于 2015-1-21 20:22:31

楼主这问题问的,哎,真不知道怎么回答你,你同样可以问电脑主板上面那么多大电容是干嘛用的?随便去掉几个,电脑照样工作得好好的,不信你试试

这个电容和单片机复位也扯不上直接的联系

另外楼主赶快去买个示波器吧

health 发表于 2015-1-21 20:22:46

你用什么供电的呢?
是直流稳压电源,还是电池?
如果是电池,是充饱的电池,还是电量不多的电池?

hejunhua 发表于 2015-1-21 20:36:16

用来滤波的

agilityChen 发表于 2015-1-21 20:43:56

你同样可以问:脾脏有什么作用呢?胆囊有什么作用呢?我割掉以后,照样活得好好得啊。

不少工程师还停留在用“工作”和“不工作”来评价一个产品的性能,这样的程度。

kingway00 发表于 2015-1-21 21:13:55

health 发表于 2015-1-21 20:22
你用什么供电的呢?
是直流稳压电源,还是电池?
如果是电池,是充饱的电池,还是电量不多的电池? ...

用的电池,11.4V,3S锂电池

kingway00 发表于 2015-1-21 21:16:24

agilityChen 发表于 2015-1-21 20:43
你同样可以问:脾脏有什么作用呢?胆囊有什么作用呢?我割掉以后,照样活得好好得啊。

不少工程师还停留在 ...

割掉后显然不能活的好好的啊,明显身体虚弱了

lingdianhao 发表于 2015-1-21 21:21:52

agilityChen 发表于 2015-1-21 20:43
你同样可以问:脾脏有什么作用呢?胆囊有什么作用呢?我割掉以后,照样活得好好得啊。

不少工程师还停留在 ...

分析得好有道理。

agilityChen 发表于 2015-1-21 23:30:13

kingway00 发表于 2015-1-21 21:16
割掉后显然不能活的好好的啊,明显身体虚弱了

你去掉大电容的电调明显也虚弱了,只是你不知道。

neozoic 发表于 2015-1-21 23:57:03

电容主要作用是储能和维持其两端的电压尽量保持不变,类似“惯性”的感觉,电调通常是将电池的直流电压通过控制MOS管的开通与关断进行类似三相的变换每次是两两导通,由于关断和导通变化较大,容易产生较大的变化电流,而用电池供电时,如果电流变化较大,容易引起电压的变化,从而引起系统的不稳定。为解决这一问题,通常就是在输入端并上一个较大的电容。其实翻看大部分电源芯片的datasheet,你就会发现,所给的参考电路,通常在电源的输入端和输出端都并有一定的电容,就是为了保持电压稳定的。至于你拆掉也能正常工作,是因为在一定范围内,电池还能够承受此电流的变化,但是其电源纹波无疑会大大增加。个人理解,仅供参考。另附一份大神整理的关于电调的资料,希望对你有帮助。

kingway00 发表于 2015-1-22 08:13:28

neozoic 发表于 2015-1-21 23:57
电容主要作用是储能和维持其两端的电压尽量保持不变,类似“惯性”的感觉,电调通常是将电池的直流电压通过 ...

谢谢~~{:lol:}

kangyiHEU 发表于 2015-1-23 16:38:06

滤波的,稳定输入电压。这个能防止复位,不过复位的概率不是很大,我朋友遇到过。

airold1989 发表于 2015-1-23 17:30:13

弱弱地路过,悄悄地学习

zqy517 发表于 2015-1-23 20:50:23

1.给电调提供持续的电流,MOS管不断的开关开关,电源不能瞬时给MOS管提供电流,大电容就像一个蓄水池,给MOS管的开关,提供电流的.
2.负载短路时,可以瞬时保护电池的,应该需要加OCP保护电路哈

LearningASM 发表于 2015-1-23 21:18:29

agilityChen 发表于 2015-1-21 20:43
你同样可以问:脾脏有什么作用呢?胆囊有什么作用呢?我割掉以后,照样活得好好得啊。

不少工程师还停留在 ...

好形象的比喻!

neozoic 发表于 2015-1-24 23:59:14

kingway00 发表于 2015-1-22 08:13
谢谢~~

不客气啦{:lol:} {:lol:} {:lol:} {:lol:} {:lol:} {:lol:}

一个人· 发表于 2015-1-25 01:16:14

呵呵,你咋知道单片机没有复位?复位重启工作的状态,us 级别的状态,你还能看到?

Alan_Zhang 发表于 2015-1-25 08:07:15

持续电流,让电机工作稳定。

Chash 发表于 2015-1-25 08:20:33

储能电容啊,就相当于蓄水池,在电流变化快的时候是能量的供给能够跟得上变化速度,不至于把电源电压拉低,这个电容是越大越好的。

dlsuntao 发表于 2015-1-25 08:41:46

储能电容

linpeixing 发表于 2015-1-25 11:04:54

agilityChen 发表于 2015-1-21 20:43
你同样可以问:脾脏有什么作用呢?胆囊有什么作用呢?我割掉以后,照样活得好好得啊。

不少工程师还停留在 ...

这比喻。。。。太贴切了。。。

bxcfc 发表于 2015-1-25 11:10:09

稳压的,示波器看一下加不加电容的波形就有感觉了

jetli 发表于 2015-1-25 11:11:10

就当它一个大水池子,水池越大,进水出水影响就小,,,当然,蓄水和清空就慢{:lol:}{:victory:}

kingway00 发表于 2015-1-25 12:22:10

一个人· 发表于 2015-1-25 01:16
呵呵,你咋知道单片机没有复位?复位重启工作的状态,us 级别的状态,你还能看到? ...

复位了电机就应该停下来{:smile:}

kingway00 发表于 2015-1-25 12:22:57

jetli 发表于 2015-1-25 11:11
就当它一个大水池子,水池越大,进水出水影响就小,,,当然,蓄水和清空就慢 ...

猫城管威武{:titter:}

zqbing 发表于 2015-1-25 12:26:41

感觉大家都只是定性的分析功能,不知道哪位大神解释下如何计算,多大的电容,足够搭配多少电流,以及和PWM频率,母线电压跌落百分比等等。定性的分析有很形象的比如,但是如何计算才是真正核心问题

franklin2014 发表于 2015-1-25 14:07:22

我也想做电调,,不过,,算了下成本,,硬件成本,,抵不过X宝,,也是用stm8写的,

kingway00 发表于 2015-1-25 14:23:20

franklin2014 发表于 2015-1-25 14:07
我也想做电调,,不过,,算了下成本,,硬件成本,,抵不过X宝,,也是用stm8写的, ...

我用的ATmega8芯片

漫步云端lcz 发表于 2015-1-28 23:46:45

neozoic 发表于 2015-1-21 23:57
电容主要作用是储能和维持其两端的电压尽量保持不变,类似“惯性”的感觉,电调通常是将电池的直流电压通过 ...

分析的很到位,学习了。

阿伟 发表于 2015-8-18 13:14:45

楼主用的是什么电调啊?

kingway00 发表于 2015-8-19 09:18:26

阿伟 发表于 2015-8-18 13:14
楼主用的是什么电调啊?

自己做的电调,电路是用的MK的

fsclub 发表于 2015-8-19 10:07:59

随便一个电源芯片手册上都会有详细说明。前后都要有电容。不信你自己下个看看,7805的都行。不同的芯片要求还不同的,有的不让用瓷片,有的可以用钽电容有的不让。

kingway00 发表于 2015-8-20 09:28:19

fsclub 发表于 2015-8-19 10:07
随便一个电源芯片手册上都会有详细说明。前后都要有电容。不信你自己下个看看,7805的都行。不同的芯片要求 ...

我用的78L05,手册上好像没用那么大的电容,但是很多板子前面加了470uf或者更大的电容

fsclub 发表于 2015-8-20 09:49:40

kingway00 发表于 2015-8-20 09:28
我用的78L05,手册上好像没用那么大的电容,但是很多板子前面加了470uf或者更大的电容 ...

78L05和2个78D05并联是一回事么?78L05才多少电流?你看一下手册。
你看了音频功放上的电容都10000uF不得吓晕?

kingway00 发表于 2015-8-20 11:27:02

fsclub 发表于 2015-8-20 09:49
78L05和2个78D05并联是一回事么?78L05才多少电流?你看一下手册。
你看了音频功放上的电容都10000uF不得 ...

是得吓晕,炸了咋办~~

kebaojun305 发表于 2015-8-20 14:34:25

7805前后都有电容了我就遇到过 没有加电容的,结果批量有部分震荡的。

阿伟 发表于 2015-8-20 21:07:12

kingway00 发表于 2015-8-19 09:18
自己做的电调,电路是用的MK的

好厉害,楼主收我为徒吧!

小李非刀 发表于 2015-8-20 22:35:00

那些HIFI功放的大水塘电容都是多少万uF,但是一个小功放只用一个100uF也工作得好好的。。。。

kingway00 发表于 2015-8-21 09:14:29

kebaojun305 发表于 2015-8-20 14:34
7805前后都有电容了我就遇到过 没有加电容的,结果批量有部分震荡的。 ...

看来这种元件有随机性,有时电容量小一点也用得好好的,但有时候就各种毛病

kingway00 发表于 2015-8-21 09:15:16

小李非刀 发表于 2015-8-20 22:35
那些HIFI功放的大水塘电容都是多少万uF,但是一个小功放只用一个100uF也工作得好好的。。。。 ...

这就是容量匹配么~。~

dengxm2009 发表于 2015-8-21 09:56:06

为啥板子上面要用两个mos管,两个mos管实现不了正反转吧

片羽之神 发表于 2015-8-21 10:15:04

请教楼主这个是什么东西啊!
data:image/png;base64,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

kingway00 发表于 2015-8-22 23:48:22

dengxm2009 发表于 2015-8-21 09:56
为啥板子上面要用两个mos管,两个mos管实现不了正反转吧

谁告诉你那是MOS管的,那两个是稳压UBEC输出的

木君之上 发表于 2015-8-23 08:40:53

接个高一点点呀的电池就可以打火啦啪啪啪

dengxm2009 发表于 2015-8-23 12:57:17

kingway00 发表于 2015-8-22 23:48
谁告诉你那是MOS管的,那两个是稳压UBEC输出的

UBEC是啥东西呀

kingway00 发表于 2015-8-23 17:43:41

dengxm2009 发表于 2015-8-23 12:57
UBEC是啥东西呀

就是电调带稳压输出,直接给飞控供电

kingway00 发表于 2015-8-23 17:43:58

木君之上 发表于 2015-8-23 08:40
接个高一点点呀的电池就可以打火啦啪啪啪

啪啪啪~~~

爱则倾心 发表于 2015-12-6 23:05:50

zqbing 发表于 2015-1-25 12:26
感觉大家都只是定性的分析功能,不知道哪位大神解释下如何计算,多大的电容,足够搭配多少电流,以及和PWM ...

大神,弄明白了吗?分享一下,怎么算啊?

爱则倾心 发表于 2015-12-6 23:07:06

fsclub 发表于 2015-8-20 09:49
78L05和2个78D05并联是一回事么?78L05才多少电流?你看一下手册。
你看了音频功放上的电容都10000uF不得 ...


感觉大家都只是定性的分析功能,不知道哪位大神解释下如何计算,多大的电容,足够搭配多少电流,以及和PWM频率,母线电压跌落百分比等等。定性的分析有很形象的比如,但是如何计算才是真正核心问题”,大胡子给讲讲呗

ilan2003 发表于 2015-12-6 23:20:48

是蓄能器

zqbing 发表于 2015-12-7 08:54:16

爱则倾心 发表于 2015-12-6 23:05
大神,弄明白了吗?分享一下,怎么算啊?

电调不可能和工业电机驱动器相比较;电调基本上都是走极端应用的;

aisledianzi 发表于 2019-5-13 07:36:33

好贴,留存
页: [1]
查看完整版本: 大家知道电调上的大电容有什么作用?