模拟设计的100条圣经

327127049

希望有能力的牛人把它翻译后贴出来
1/ Capacitors and resistors have parasitic inductance, about 0.4nH for surface mount and 4nH for a leaded component.
2/ If you don"t want a high bandwidth transistor to oscillate place lossy components in at least 2 of the 3 leads. Ferrite beads work well.
3/ When taking DC measurements in a circuit and they don"t make sense, suspect that something is oscillating.
4/ Opamps will often oscillate when driving capacitive loads.
5/ The base-emitter voltage Vbe of a small signal transistor is about 0.65v and drops about 2mV/deg C. Vbe goes down with increasing temp.
6/ Multiply 0.13nV by the square root of the ohmic value of a resistor to find the noise in a 1Hz bandwidth. Then multiply by the square root of the BW in Hz gives the total noise voltage.
7/ Johnson noise current goes down with a increase in resistance.
8/ The impedance looking into the emitter of a transistor at room temp is 26Ohm/Ie in mA
9/ All amplifiers are differential in that they are referenced to ground somewhere.
10/ Typical metal film resistor has a temp coef of about 100 ppm/deg C
11/ The input noise voltage of a quiet op amp is 1nv/sqrt(Hz) but there are plenty available with 20nV/sqrt(Hz). Op amps with bipolar front-ends have lower voltage noise and higher current noise than those with FET front-ends
12/ Using an LC circuit as a power supply filter can actually multiply the power supply noise at the filter"s resonant frequency. Use inductor with low Q to overcome this.
13/ Use comparators for comparing and op amps for amplifying and don"t even think of mixing the two.
14/ Ceramic caps with any other dielectric other than NPO should only be used for bypass applications.
15/ An N-channel enhancement-mode FET needs +ve voltage on the gate-source to conduct form drain-source.
16/ Small signal JFETS work very well as low-leakage diodes by connecting drain & source together in log current-to-voltage converters and low leakage input protection. Small signal bipolars with b-c tied together will also make nice low-leakage diodes.
17/ With low pass filter use Bessel for least amount of overshoot in the time domain, and Cauer (or elliptic) for fastest rolloff in the freq domain.
18/ dB is always 10 times the log of the ratio of 2 powers.
19/ At low frequencies, the current in the collector of a transistor is in phase with the applied current at the base. At high frequencies the current at the collector lags by 90deg. You must appreciate this simple fact to understand high frequency oscillators.
20/ The most common glass-epoxy PCB material (FR4) has a dielectric constant of about 4.3 To make a trace with a characteristic impedance of 100 Ohm, use a trace thickness of about 0.4 times the thickness of the board with a ground plane on the opposite side. For a 50Ohm trace make it 2 times the thickness.
21/ If you need a programmable dynamic current source, find out about operational transconductance amps. Most of the problem is figuring out when you need a programmable dynamic current source.
22/ A CMOS output with an emitter follower can drive a 5V relay nicely as the relays normally have a must-make spec of 3.5V. This saves power and require no flyback components.
23/ Typical thermocouple potential is 30uV/degC. Route signals differentially, along the same path, avoid temp gradients. DPDT latching relays won"t heat up when multiplexing these signals.
24/ You SHOULD be bothered by a design that looks messy, cluttered or indirect. This uncomfortable feeling is one of the few indications that there"s a better way.
25/ Avoid drawing any current from the wiper of a potentiometer. The resistance of the wiper contact will cause problems (local heating, noise offsets etc.)
26/ Most digital phase detectors have a deadband where the analog output does not change over the small range where the 2 inputs are coincident. This often-ignored fact has helped to create some very noisy PLL"s (Use a high val bleeding resistor to always ensure current flow in the deadband)
27/ The phase noise of a phase-locked VCO will be at least 6dB worse than the phase noise of the divided reference for each octave between the comparison frequency and the VCO output frequency. Avoid low-comparison frequencies.
28/ You can almost always determine the leads of a bipolar transistor with an ohm meter. b-e and b-c junctions will measure like a diode with the b-c junction reading slightly lower than the b-e junction when forward biased.
29/ For low distortion, the drains (or collectors) of a differential amp"s front-end should be bootstrapped to the source (or emitter) so that the voltages on the part are not modulated by the input signal.
30/ If your design uses a $3 op amp, and you will be making a thousand of them, you have just spend $3000. Are you smart enough to figure out how to use a $.30 op amp instead?
31/ The Q of an LC tank circuit is dominated by the losses in the inductor in terms of series R. Q=omega.L/R
32/ Leakage current doubles for every 10degC increase in temp.
33/ When inputs to most JFET op amps exceed the common-mode range for the part, the output may reverse polarity. This artifact will haunt the designers of these parts for the rest of their lives, as it should!
34/ Understand the difference between "make-before-break" and "break-before-make" when you specify switches.
35/ 3 Terminal voltage regulators in the TO-220 packages are wonderful parts. They are cheap, rugged, thermally protected and very versatile. Use them virtually any place where you need a protected power transistor. They also make nice AM power-modulators.
36/ Use step recovery diode where you need fast edges under 100pS (hot-carrier is even faster)
37/ The old 723 regulator is still one of the lowest noise regulators around! (2.5uVrms 100Hz-10k)
38/ You can make a very simple oscillator with one diac, cap and a resistor.
39/ NPN transistors are normally superior to their PNP counterpart in performance.
40/ Typical spec in some databooks should read "Seen it once". Always work with the worst spec of the part when doing a design.
41/ Don"t just copy circuits from application notes without understanding completely how it operates, and the reason for the choice of values.
42/ Dealing with crystals, make sure you understand the difference between series and parallel resonant. In a circuit, crystal frequency can generally be slightly lowered by placing a inductor in series and increased by a capacitor in series.
43/ Power MOSFETS on-resistance will have a -ve temp coef and not +ve at low current levels. This is important to remember when paralleling devices.
44/ Lowest noise figure of a RF transistor is not normally where the input is perfectly matched.
45/ Many un-stable RF devices can be made stable by loading the input or the output by a simple resistor, either in series or parallel.
46/ You trade gain for bandwidth.
47/ Push-pull power invertors using bipolars are risky and can saturate the core because of hysteresis stepping (use power fets)
48/ The Al value of a core will increase up to 50% or more under current transients.
49/ Be aware of leakage inductance when switching. V=L(dI/dt)
50/ The harder you turn-on a power transistor, the longer it will take to turn off.( the part where you burn the joules in the device)
51/ Always remember the Miller guy.
52/ In fault-finding a circuit, don"t overlook the obvious. (is there power?)
53/ What is a ground loop, and how to avoid it.
54/ 120 is a better number than 240 when using LM3XX type adjustable regulators.
55/ The lower comparator in the old 555 may have quite a long storage time.
56/ ZERO-ESR caps may do more harm than good.
57/ A correctly configured audio power amplifier will give more distortion in Class-AB, not less, because of the abrupt gain changes inherent in switching from A to B every cycle.
58/ Be a STAR when it comes to ground matters.
59/ Know when you need to use a Zobel network.
60/ Use current mirrors and mirror your current.
61/ Heatsink eff decreases with height above sealevel.
62/ A matt-black heatsink is much better than a shiny one.
63/ Ignoring secondary breakdown can be costly.
64/ Understand fuses and fuse ratings, fast and slow. Do you know when to use a semiconductor-fuse?
65/ Charge balancing resistors are a must when stacking serie-parallel high voltage capacitor banks.
66/ You must understand DC-restoration otherwise you will have a hard time designing Z-modulation in CRT circuits.
67/ Display 6 vert div low freq on a scope, increase the freq (make sure the source is constant amplitude) until display drops to 4.2 div. That is the true 3dB BW of the scope. (scope-source impedance should be matched)
68/ Doing a measurement with your DMM in the ACV position on your DC circuit will give a quick indication of any excess ripple on the supply when you don"t have a scope at hand.
69/ Dly timebase on a scope is very useful once you figured out when, why and how to use it.
70/ Know what to expect before you measure, otherwise any measurement is meaningless.
71/ Op amps. Output will swing in the direction that will force the inv-input level to try come closer to the non-inv input level.
72/ Understand virtual ground, slew-rate, CMRR and PSRR. (CMRR decrease with increase in freq)
73/ Making measurements near a spec-analalyzer"s noise floor will give 3dB errors.
74/ Understand the phase-noise limitations of the analyzer when making such measurements on oscillators.
75/ In a LC oscillator add some C with -ve temp coef to cancel the +ve temp coef of the L for min drift with temp.
76/ Less drift will result from making C with a few parallel caps, to reduce the heating effect of the oscillating current when spread out over a larger plate area.
77/ You will get more tuning range with the same LC combination in a Clapp than in a Colpitts circuit.
78/ High-Q tuned LC filters will have more insertion loss.
79/ Williams"s Rule (Guru at Linear Tech) for precision op amp circuits: " Always invert (except when you can"t)"
80/ Cuk is not a kind of locomotive.
81/ If you don"t know how to make a design better, find out what makes it worse.
82/ Sometimes you know just enough to be dangerous.
83/ Impedance will reflect back as the square of the turns ratio.
84/ If you could design a component with the characteristics of a finger it could cure many design problems and you will be rich.
85/ Get nervous when the customer you are trying to help doesn"t even have a scope.
86/ Specs quoted by reps always exceed those by Engineering.
87/ A bad (Engineer) workman always blames his tools.
88/ Don"t believe everything that a SPICE program spits out.
89/ It is easy to get the color code of a 1kOhm and 12Ohm resistor mixed up when you are in a hurry.
90/ I bet one could write a thesis about the ability of probes to get tangled-up on a bench.
91/ DMM can upset sensitive circuits from noise generated inside it.
92/ When probing directly on a crystal of a uP, use 10kOhm or so resistor in series with the probe tip to prevent loading from stopping the osc.
93/ It is easier to see what is happening on the ports using a scope when you trigger one chan against the cpu clock.
94/ National once made a bad op amp many years ago that some Engineers referred to it as "Jelly Beans"
95/ The moment you can start to notice distortion on an oscilloscope it is already way past being acceptable.
96/ Be big enough to say "I don"t know", people will respect you more.
97/ The best designer is often working in the marketing department.
98/ Some remarkable discoveries/inventions were made by people that knew very little about the subject. Don"t fall into a groove in you thinking process.
99/ The Peter-Principle : Everybody will be promoted up to his own level of incompetence. http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/PETERPR.html
100/ END-Enjoy

micropower

就这么看吧。mark

ch2003_23

不错，MARK

laolu

看得好费劲，先MARK

gaohq

哪位翻译一下。

eduhf_123

MARK 模拟设计

chen1986sl

1 /电容和电感,大约有寄生电阻为表面贴装和4nH 0.4nH对铅成分。
　　2 /如果你不需要高带宽晶体管振荡元件所耗至少两个3的线索。磁珠把工作做好。
　　3当采用直流测量电路、他们不讲道理,应该怀疑有振荡。
　　4 /放大器驱动容性负载时经常振荡。
　　5 / base-emitter电压Vbe的值处于一个小信号三极管是关于0.65v关于2mV /度和滴下增加与c Vbe的值处于临时雇员。
　　6 /乘0.13nV的平方根的阻值的电阻找出噪声在1Hz带宽。然后乘的平方根中给予全部周刊回路的电压噪声。
　　7 /约翰逊噪声电流随一个增加阻力。
　　8 /阻抗展望了晶体管的发射极在室温下是26Ohm / Ie的马
　　9 /所有的放大器是有差异的,他们参考地某处。
　　10 /典型金属薄膜式电阻器的温度系数有大约100分之/℃
　　11 /输入噪声电压是一个安静的运算1nv / sqrt(赫兹),但也有很多可供选择20nV / sqrt(赫兹)。front-ends放大器和双相性精神障碍有较低的电压噪声和更高的电流噪声比那些front-ends FET办不到
　　12 /使用LC电路作为电源滤波器可以乘以电源噪声滤波”的共振频率。使用低Q电感来应对。
　　13 /使用比较器来比较,放大器的放大,并且不要想着混淆。
　　14 /任何其它介质不是NPO只能被用于旁路。
　　15 / N-channel enhancement-mode FET需要在gate-source + ' ve电压进行形式漏源极。
　　16 /小信号JFETS因为低漏电流二极管连接排泄及来源的日志current-to-voltage一起转换器和低漏电流输入的保护。小信号bipolars和晶体管也不错的低漏电流二极管。
　　17 /用低通滤波器,利用贝最少的超调在时域和Cauer(或椭圆形)在频率域的最快的八度。
　　18 / dB总是10倍的原木的权力。
　　19 /在低频段,集电极电流晶体管的阶段,目前在该基地的应用。在高频段,集电极电流滞后90度。你必须明白这个简单的事实来理解高频振荡器。
　　20 /最常见的glass-epoxy PCB资料(用)有一个介电常数的约4.3做出追踪与特性阻抗的100欧姆,用微量厚度约0.4倍板的厚度和地面飞机从对面。对于一个50Ohm微量做成2倍的厚度。
　　21 /如果你需要一个可编程的动态电流源,找出运算跨导安培。大部分的问题就明白了,当你需要一个可编程的动态电流源。
　　22 / CMOS输出一个发射器信徒能5V接力顺利的继电器有must-make通常3.5V的规格。这样可以节省电力和不需要反激变换器的部件。
　　23 /典型热电偶潜力30uV / degC。路由信号差异,在同样的道路上,避免温度梯度。DPDT闭锁继电器不会加热时,这些信号多路复用。
　　24 /你应该困扰设计看起来凌乱,杂乱或间接的。这种不舒服的感觉是为数不多的迹象表明,那边有一个更好的方法。
　　25 /避免任何电流从铝的电位计。接触电阻的铝会产生问题(局部加热、噪声偏移等等)。
　　26 /数字相位探测器有deadband模拟输出的地方不会改变的地方在小范围内2投入是一致的。事实上已经帮助这个虎鲨创造一些非常嘈杂的锁”(使用高瓦尔出血电阻器总是确保流量的deadband)。
　　27 /高频雷达发射信号相位噪声的模拟将至少大部分比的每八度之间参考区输出频率。避免low-comparison频率。
　　28 /你几乎总是能够确定过的双极晶体管和欧姆meter. b-e结点和晶体管来衡量像二极管和晶体管结阅读略低于这个b-e结当偏。
　　29 /低失真,(或)的差分放大器”的前端应该引导到源(或集电极)以便电压就不会被输入信号调制了。
　　30 /如果你设计采用了3美元的运放,你会有一千人,你刚刚花了3000美元。你是否足够聪明能想出如何用0.3美元的运放吗?
　　31 /问一个单坦克电路主导下的损失的R系列电感omega.L / R = Q)
　　32 /泄漏电流增加为每10degC加倍。
　　33 /当输入大部分JFET运放的共部分,其输出可以极性相反。该神器会让这些器件的设计人员,他们的余生,就像它本来应该的!
　　34 /区分“断开之前闭合”和“闭合之前”当你指定开关。
　　35 / 3端子电压调节器的TO-220包是美妙的部分。他们都是便宜的,崎岖、热保护和多才多艺。几乎任何地方使用它们,你需要保护的功率晶体管。他们也有好的是power-modulators。
　　36 /使用步恢复二极管你需要快速下100pS(hot-carrier更快)。
　　37 /旧723调节阀仍然是最低的国家之一(2.5uVrms周围噪音监管者100Hz-10k)!
　　38 /你能使一个非常简单的振荡器与人交流数据输入仪,电容和一个电阻。
　　39 / NPN晶体管通常比他们在表演PNP晶体管。
　　40 /在一些数据手册中的典型规格应该读“过”。总是与器件最差的规格做设计时。
　　41 /别一味照抄应用说明书中的电路没有彻底理解它如何运作,及取值选择的原因。
　　42 /处理晶体时,务必理解串联谐振和并联谐振的区别。在电路中,晶体频率一般可轻微降低电感串联,增加了一个电容。
　　43 /功率MOSFETS导通电阻有负温度系数,在较低的水平。这是重要的一点是要记住当并联设备。
　　44 /射频晶体管的最低噪声系数是不正常的输入是天造地设的一对。
　　45 /很多不稳定的射频设备可以使之稳定的输入或输出端电阻,不管是串联或并联使用。
　　46 /你交易获得的带宽。
　　47 /推挽功率投资者使用bipolars是危险的,而且可以看到核心由于使用电力fets迟滞步进()。
　　48岁的艾尔值(核心将增加到50%或更多的在现有的电涌。
　　49 /小心泄漏电感器切换时。V = L(迪电压)。
　　50 /你越刺激一个大功率晶体管,时间就会关掉。(你烧了焦耳的设备)。
　　51 /记住米勒的家伙。
　　52 /对一个电路吹毛求疵,不显而易见的东西。(有权力?)
　　53 /什么是地面循环,以及如何避免的问题。
　　54 / 120是一个更好的数量超过240当使用LM3XX型号调压器。
　　55 /低速比较器在旧的555可能有很长的存贮时间。
　　56 /零等效串联电阻的电容可能弊大于利。
　　57 /一个正确设置音频功率放大将给更多而不是更少的Class-AB失真,因为突然的增益变化中固有的开关从A到B的每个周期。
　　58 /成为明星的到来时,地面事宜。
　　59 /知道当你需要使用一个位发言者与Zobel网络。
　　60 /使用电流镜子,反映电流。
　　61 /散热片的作用随着海拔增加而降低。
　　62 / matt-black排出比一个闪亮的人。
　　63 /忽视次级的代价是昂贵的。
　　64 /理解保险丝和保险丝额定、快速和慢。你知道什么时候使用一个保险丝吗?
　　65 /电荷平衡电阻是必须当堆放一系列并联高压电容器组。
　　66 /你必须理解DC-restoration,否则会有一段艰难的时光Z-modulation CRT电路的设计中。
　　67 /显示6点低频率上师,增加的频率范围(确定源是恒幅)直到显示滴到420。这是真实的3dB BW的范围。scope-source阻抗匹配(应该)。
　　68 /进行测量,用数字万用表的交流档在直流电路上会给人一种快速指示任何多余的涟漪的供应,当你没有一个范围。
　　69 /示波器上的一个范围是非常有用的,一旦你发现什么时候,为什么和怎样去利用它。
　　70 /知道将会发生什么,否则你之前测试是没有意义的。
　　71 /放大器。输出的方向,将迫使朝水平更接近正向输入端的值。
　　72 /理解,从而slew-rate虚拟地,和PSRR。从而减少与频率)。
　　73 /使测量噪声spec-analalyzer附近的地板将“3dB错误。
　　74 /理解分析仪的相位噪声限制在测量振荡器时。
　　75 /在LC振荡器添加一些C和负温度系数取消+ ' ve温度系数,对最低温度漂移和信用证。
　　76 /将导致更少的漂移从C和一些平行的帽子,以减少振荡电流的热效应展开时,一个更大的区域。
　　77 /你会得到更多的调整范围内具有相同的LC组合在Clapp比在Colpitts电路。
　　78 /高q值调谐LC滤波器会有更多的插入损耗。
　　79岁的威廉姆斯”的规则(或在线性科技)精密运放电路:“总是逆变(除当你不能)"
　　80 / Cuk不是一种机车。
　　81 /如果你不知道如何去设计得更好,找出如何使它变得更坏。
　　82 /有时你所知道的,仅仅足够危险。
　　83 /阻抗会的平方反射回来转动的比例。
　　如果你能设计84 /部件的特点,它可以治愈的手指许多设计问题,那么你将会很富有。
　　85 /紧张的时候,你正试图帮助客户不甚至有一个范围。
　　86 /规格由代表总是超过那些由工程。
　　87 /坏(工程师)工尤器。
　　88 /别相信所有由SPICE程序产生的。
　　89 /很容易得到的颜色代码的一1kOhm和12Ohm电阻混合在一起,当你匆匆忙忙的。
　　90 /我打赌一个可以写关于探头能力论文的人,在工作台上将一团糟。
　　91 /噪声会干扰敏感电路内部产生的。
　　92 /时直接使用的晶体,10kOhm左右电阻串联探针针尖防止负载从停止,
　　93 /很容易看到发生什么,在港口使用范围,当你使他对cpu时钟陈。
　　94 /国家曾经做过一个坏运放很多年前,一些工程师们称它为“软心豆粒糖”
　　95 /时刻,你就可以开始注意示波器上的扭曲它过去已经是被接受的。
　　96 /有足够的勇气说“我不知道”,人们会更加尊重你。
　　97 /最好的设计者是经常的市场部门工作。
　　98 /一些显著的发现/发明是由那些知之甚少。别坠入沟在你的思维过程。
　　99 /彼得原理:每个人都将被提升到他自己的incompetence. http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/PETERPR.html水平
　　END-Enjoy 100 -

327127049

【6楼】 chen1986sl 动感超人
机器翻译的？

JQ_Lin

这是哪国的语言呀？翻译者本人懂得这些语言吗？

weifeng99

mark

327127049

【8楼】 JQ_Lin
你可以帮忙翻译一下吗？

ilcvm

1/ Capacitors and resistors have parasitic inductance, about 0.4nH for surface mount and 4nH for a leaded component.  
1. 电阻跟电容都有寄生电感，贴片封装的大概0.4nH，插件的大概4nH。

楼下接力，每人一条

327127049

【11楼】 ilcvm
2/ Capacitors and resistors have parasitic inductance, about 0.4nH for surface mount and 4nH for a leaded component.
2.如果你不想通过在高带宽晶体管三个引脚中的至少两个引脚放置损耗元件的方法消除振荡.铁氧体磁珠会起到很好的作用.

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3/ When taking DC measurements in a circuit and they don"t make sense, suspect that something is oscillating.
3.对一个电路采用直流测试并且不起作用时,应该怀疑有元件在振荡

zjhzjh8112

4  Opamps will often oscillate when driving capacitive loads.
4  运放在驱动容性负载时经常会震荡。

qlb1234

5/ The base-emitter voltage Vbe of a small signal transistor is about 0.65v and drops about 2mV/deg C. Vbe goes down with increasing temp.
5/ 小信号晶体管的基-射极电压Vbe大约是0.65伏特，大约以2毫伏/摄氏度的速度降低。Vbe随着温度的升高而降低。
6/ Multiply 0.13nV by the square root of the ohmic value of a resistor to find the noise in a 1Hz bandwidth. Then multiply by the square root of the BW in Hz gives the total noise voltage.
6/ 电阻阻值的平方根，乘以0.13纳伏，可以得到1赫兹带宽的噪声。再乘以以赫兹为单位的带宽的平方根，可以得到总噪声电压。

menghong_4

7 Johnson noise current goes down with a increase in resistance.
7 Johnson噪声电流随着电阻的增加而降低.

pengshipower

轮到我了
8/ The impedance looking into the emitter of a transistor at room temp is 26Ohm/Ie in mA  
室温下晶体管射极阻抗为26欧姆/mA

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9/ All amplifiers are differential in that they are referenced to ground somewhere.
所有的放大器都是相对于某个地电平的差分放大。

pengshipower

9/ All amplifiers are differential in that they are referenced to ground somewhere.
（所有的放大器都是相对于某个地电平的差分放大）。
10/ Typical metal film resistor has a temp coef of about 100 ppm/deg C
（典型的金属薄膜电阻具备100 ppm/deg C的温度系数）

11/ The input noise voltage of a quiet op amp is 1nv/sqrt(Hz) but there are plenty available with 20nV/sqrt(Hz). Op amps with bipolar front-ends have lower voltage noise and higher current noise than those with FET front-ends
（低噪音运放的输入噪声电压可以达到1nv/sqrt(Hz) ，但是我们大量用到的运放具有20nV/sqrt(Hz)的输入噪音。双极晶体管结构比FET结构的运算放大器具备更地的电压噪声和更高的电流噪声）

12/ Using an LC circuit as a power supply filter can actually multiply the power supply noise at the filter"s resonant frequency. Use inductor with low Q to overcome this.
（用LC滤波器对电源滤波将会增加电源在滤波器谐振频率点上的噪声，通过选择低Q的电感可以有效克服这一点。）

13/ Use comparators for comparing and op amps for amplifying and don"t even think of mixing the two.
（用比较器进行比较，用运放进行放大，千万不要搞混。）

14/ Ceramic caps with any other dielectric other than NPO should only be used for bypass applications.
（ 除高频瓷片电容外的瓷片电容仅可用作旁路电容）

15/ An N-channel enhancement-mode FET needs +ve voltage on the gate-source to conduct form drain-source.
  （n沟道增强型mosfet需要在gate-source 间接入正电压来控制drain-source间的电流Ids）

16/ Small signal JFETS work very well as low-leakage diodes by connecting drain & source together in log current-to-voltage converters and low leakage input protection. Small signal bipolars with b-c tied together will also make nice low-leakage diodes.
（JFETS短接源漏极在小信号电流-电压转换和输入保护方面具备和低泄漏二极管媲美的特性，小信号测量中晶体管B-E极短接也相当于一个优异的低泄漏二极管）。

17/ With low pass filter use Bessel for least amount of overshoot in the time domain, and Cauer (or elliptic) for fastest rolloff in the freq domain. （设计低通滤波器时选用贝塞尔型可以使时域较平坦，没有太多过冲，选用切比雪夫可以提高截止频率的陡峭性。）

18/ dB is always 10 times the log of the ratio of 2 powers.
（分贝是10*lg的比值。）

19/ At low frequencies, the current in the collector of a transistor is in phase with the applied current at the base. At high frequencies the current at the collector lags by 90deg. You must appreciate this simple fact to understand high frequency oscillators.
（低频情况下，晶体管集电极电流与基极电流同相，但在高频情况下，集电极电流相位上滞后90度，这有助于你理解高频振荡。）

20/ The most common glass-epoxy PCB material (FR4) has a dielectric constant of about 4.3 To make a trace with a characteristic impedance of 100 Ohm, use a trace thickness of about 0.4 times the thickness of the board with a ground plane on the opposite side. For a 50Ohm trace make it 2 times the thickness.
（PCB应用最普通的FR4材料的介质常数大约为4.3，印制版线为得到100欧的特征阻抗需要的线宽为PCB板（背面覆铜）厚度的0.4倍，50欧的阻抗需要线宽为板后的2倍。--线长呢？不解）

21/ If you need a programmable dynamic current source, find out about operational transconductance amps. Most of the problem is figuring out when you need a programmable dynamic current source.
（当你用跨导运算放大器作为可编程动态电流源时你会发现很多问题。）

22/ A CMOS output with an emitter follower can drive a 5V relay nicely as the relays normally have a must-make spec of 3.5V. This saves power and require no flyback components.
（CMOS输出配合一个射极跟随器可以很好的驱动一个5V工作的继电器（必须是3.5V以上才能正常工作），这样节省了功率并不需要反馈元件）。

23/ Typical thermocouple potential is 30uV/degC. Route signals differentially, along the same path, avoid temp gradients. DPDT latching relays won"t heat up when multiplexing these signals.
（典型的热电偶电位是 30uV/degC，布线是差分信号要尽量走同样的路径避免差分线上产生温度梯度。当需要切换这些信号时，双刀双掷常闭继电器可以避免切换过程中产生的热量，影响热电偶温度测量的精度。）

24/ You SHOULD be bothered by a design that looks messy, cluttered or indirect. This uncomfortable feeling is one of the few indications that there"s a better way.
（你可能会直接或间接的感到设计的电路感混乱不堪，这种不好的感觉其实是一种很宝贵的暗示，那就是那肯定还有一直能够更好的设计路径）

25/ Avoid drawing any current from the wiper of a potentiometer. The resistance of the wiper contact will cause problems (local heating, noise offsets etc.)
（避免任何的电流都可以从电位器分压而得，电位器相关的阻抗可能回导致一些问题，如局部加热，噪声，偏移等）

26/ Most digital phase detectors have a deadband where the analog output does not change over the small range where the 2 inputs are coincident. This often-ignored fact has helped to create some very noisy PLL"s (Use a high val bleeding resistor to always ensure current flow in the deadband)
（数字鉴相器有一个死区，就是模拟输出在一个很小的范围内（双端输入一致的情况下）不改变，这个经常被忽视的事实很容易造成PLL噪声非常大，用一个大阻值的旁漏[泄漏]电阻确保电流注入死区。）

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【19楼】 pengshipower
希望能补一下后续的

skyjackyer

不會翻譯，，占樓招廣告。。。。

csclz

占楼，顶

chsi

28/ You can almost always determine the leads of a bipolar transistor with an ohm meter. b-e and b-c junctions will measure like a diode with the b-c junction reading slightly lower than the b-e junction when forward biased.  
通过电阻表可以分辨三极管的极性。发射结和集电结跟二极管差不多，集电结正向偏置时的读数要稍小于发射结。

30/ If your design uses a $3 op amp, and you will be making a thousand of them, you have just spend $3000. Are you smart enough to figure out how to use a $.30 op amp instead?  
3元一个的运放生产一千个就是3000元。为了节约成本，可以想办法用0.3元的运放替代。

32/ Leakage current doubles for every 10degC increase in temp.
温度每提高10度，漏电流就扩大一倍。

34/ Understand the difference between "make-before-break" and "break-before-make" when you specify switches.
在选择开关时，弄清楚先接后断和先断后接的区别。

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帖子沉了`顶一下

qbbaozi

35/ 3 Terminal voltage regulators in the TO-220 packages are wonderful parts. They are cheap, rugged, thermally protected and very versatile. Use them virtually any place where you need a protected power transistor. They also make nice AM power-modulators.
35/TO-220封装的三端稳压器是非常棒的电子器件。它们便宜、坚固、具有热保护功能、并且有多种用途。在你想要用到电源保护功能的地方几乎都能看到它。它们也具有很出色的电源调幅功能

zhang_mike2000

mark

327127049

如果能补齐就爽了

t2397362

水平不够的只好坐享其成

chsi

37/ The old 723 regulator is still one of the lowest noise regulators around! (2.5uVrms 100Hz-10k)  
略显老旧的723仍然是噪声最低的稳压器之一 (2.5uVrms 100Hz-10k) 。


39/ NPN transistors are normally superior to their PNP counterpart in performance.  
NPN管通常比对应的PNP管性能好。

ksniper

恩 圣经必须是英文的

dubu

mark

a69161

水平不够只能围观顶贴了

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38/ You can make a very simple oscillator with one diac, cap and a resistor.  
你可以通过二极管、电容和电阻制作一个简易的振荡器.

hbtswy

电阻阻值的平方根，乘以0.13纳伏，可以得到1赫兹带宽的噪声。再乘以以赫兹为单位的带宽的平方根，可以得到总噪声电压。  

请问其中说得带宽平方根指的是通过的交流频率么？？

newID

记号

hbtswy

18/ dB is always 10 times the log of the ratio of 2 powers.  
（分贝是10*lg的比值。）


这个貌视是20把

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回复【36楼】hbtswy
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

如果是功率的话10是没错的

passerby

40.对于有些数据手册中的典型参数,我们应该只是看看而已.在作设计的时候,应该总是按照最坏参数来考虑.
41.不要在没有完全理解电路的运行原理和元件的取值原因的情况下,就从应用手册中直接照抄电路.
42.在处理晶振的时候,确定你理解了串联谐振和并联谐振的区别.在电路中,串联一个电感会使晶振的频率产生轻微的降低,串联一个电容会使晶振的频率产生轻微的升高.

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顶起

llsenyue

mark!

chsi

43/ Power MOSFETS on-resistance will have a -ve temp coef and not +ve at low current levels. This is important to remember when paralleling devices.  
在低电流的情况下，功率MOSFET的导通电阻拥有负温度系数。对于并联器件的时候这一点尤为重要。

blues0763

顶一下，记号，查看。

longfeixue

顶一下！

mydows

英文差，留名

yongshi01

44/ Lowest noise figure of a RF transistor is not normally where the input
44.最低噪声的射频晶体管作为输入时（产生的噪声）也是非比寻常的。

czxf

mark

yongshi01

45/ Many un-stable RF devices can be made stable by loading the input or the output by a simple resistor, either in series or parallel.
许多不稳定的射频器件，可通过加载一个简单的电阻到输入或输出端使之稳定，无论串联或是并联。

yongshi01

46/ You trade gain for bandwidth.
46 带宽使你获益。

yongshi01

47/ Push-pull power invertors using bipolars are risky and can saturate the core because of hysteresis stepping (use power fets)
47 /推挽逆变电源用双极晶体管是有风险的，由于磁滞可致铁心饱和（用功率场效应管<FET>）
注：hysteresis stepping 怎么翻译，尤其stepping ，步进磁滞？分步磁滞？

lenyuye

mark

liumaojun_cn

mark

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cool

chaochao5107

呵呵，有空看看

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MARK

lidadu

mark

hexixiaomao

mark

squash

mark！

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帖子不能沉底~顶上

cuikai12345

mark

XU_MAJIA

mark

potatoES

很多模拟高手啊

denmeng

先MARK！！

googse

先MARK，，，，，，，，，，

bin8

mak

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顶起~

wxx116zh

mark

sw821025

签名

SailJune

回复【48楼】yongshi01  
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第46条我的理解是：你用增益交换带宽。
比如一个运放，增益带宽积是有限的，你增大了增益，带宽就得下降；反之亦然。

SailJune

51>永远记住米勒这个家伙。
是指三极管的米勒电容吗？

53>地回路是什么？如何避免它？
这个就不说了。


54>在使用LM3XX系列的可调稳压器的时候，120是一个比240好的数字。
没用过这玩意，不懂。

58>当涉及到地的时候，使用星型连接。

63>忽略二次击穿会让你付出代价。

64>理解保险丝以及他的参数，他的响应速度，快还是慢？你知道什么时候应该用半导体保险丝吗？

71>在你测量之前确定你想要得到的是什么，否则测量就是没有意义的。

不翻译了，能翻译出来的太简单了，比较难的又翻译不出来，水平有限，不丢人了，闪。

leonplusplus

高手如云,顶...

zhanghao

mark

Loading_force

mark

haibinglong

mark

bynce

hao 好

bynce

hao 好

bingeai

俺学的是俄语，俺也不会啊~
快来牛人~

RF_Xu

remark

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贴沉了~重新顶起

gz_dailin

mark

jdw924

mark

crestxa

mark~

sunzhaod

mark

warmonkey

顶起来，，，大家快继续呀

shouqiang_zhang

mark

ndust

记号

cancer

这是好东西,不马一个克不行

zhhx

mark

zxy1217

MARK

eagle2006

mark

diyer_zhou

60/ Use current mirrors and mirror your current.  
使用镜像电流源反映电流。
61/ Heatsink eff decreases with height above sealevel.  
散热片的效率与其在丝印面上的高度成正比。
62/ A matt-black heatsink is much better than a shiny one.  
黑色的散热片比白色的好。
63/ Ignoring secondary breakdown can be costly.  
忽略二次击穿的代价会很高。
64/ Understand fuses and fuse ratings, fast and slow. Do you know when to use a semiconductor-fuse?  
掌握保险丝和保险丝的等级，动作快还是慢。什么时候用半导体保险丝。
65/ Charge balancing resistors are a must when stacking serie-parallel high voltage capacitor banks.  
串并联高压电容器（高电压大容量电容器）必须使用充电电阻。
66/ You must understand DC-restoration otherwise you will have a hard time designing Z-modulation in CRT circuits.
必须懂得DC-restoration ，否则在设计CTR Z调制电路时犯难。
  
67/ Display 6 vert div low freq on a scope, increase the freq (make sure the source is constant amplitude) until display drops to 4.2 div. That is the true 3dB BW of the scope. (scope-source impedance should be matched)  
在示波器上用6格的幅度表示低频，慢慢增大频率（确保信号源幅值不变）；当信号降到4.2格时，就得到了示波器3dB带宽（输入阻抗要匹配）
68/ Doing a measurement with your DMM in the ACV position on your DC circuit will give a quick indication of any excess ripple on the supply when you don"t have a scope at hand.  
当你没有示波器在时，使用数字万用表的门交流电压档可以很容易到直流电路的电源纹波值。

69/ Dly timebase on a scope is very useful once you figured out when, why and how to use it.  

示波器上的时基延时（好像是触发延时吧）非常有用；一旦你知道什么时候使用，为什么使用，怎么样使用时基延时的时候。


--------------------------------------------------
以上自己翻译的，供参考

sudayan2006

70/ Know what to expect before you measure, otherwise any measurement is meaningless.  
在你测量之前要明白会发生什么事情，否则任何测量是没有意义的。

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楼上翻译搞笑

DIDADI

搞笑的也好。

yu_wen

mark

chenshu2834

mark

langzi_xj

mark

linhuaou

mark!

hailing

54>在使用LM3XX系列的可调稳压器的时候，120是一个比240好的数字。
没用过这玩意，不懂。

我的理解：像LM317要求的最小输出电流是5ma，所以一般推荐1.25V处使用240欧姆调压电阻，这样保证空载时也满足最小电流要求。
使用120欧姆电阻空载电流更大可能在电压精度，负载调整率上比240欧姆更好（10ma效果好于5ma，再大效果就差不多了）

gxy508

mark