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发表于 2006-7-19 23:34:40
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目前没有中文版。
(以下是WIKI上的介绍)
历史
大约在 1996 年，一群开源软件开发者启动了一个名为 FreeWin95 的项目，旨在实现一个 Windows 95 的克隆操作系统。这个项目当时只停留在关于系统实现的讨论上。
到了 1997 年年末，项目依旧没有进展。开发成员呼吁重新开始这个项目，而实现的目标也改为 Windows NT 系统，同时项目名称命名为 ReactOS（react 反抗）。1998 年 2 月 ReactOS 项目正式启动，开始开发系统内核和基本的驱动程序。
功能概述
到了 2005年，ReactOS 内核已经十分稳定，大多数给上层程序开发使用的API均制作完成，并且拥有了一个基本的GUI窗口界面。ReactOS 已经具有一个与 Windows 浏览器类似的 ReactOS Explorer 作为系统操作界面。
ReactOS 0.2 版可以运行相当多数的 Win32 应用程序，并拥有自己的 Notepad（记事本，基本的文本编辑器）、Regedit（系统注册表编辑器），Cmd（命令行提示符）和几个其他的大型应用（比如 AbiWord 文字编辑器）以及一些游戏（Quake 和 Quake II，Wine 的扫雷克隆）。
Image:Ros openoffice.png Image:2005 532 Explorer-Browser-0001.png
0.2.5 版主要工作在于声卡、网卡的驱动支持。Screenshots of the Lynx 文本網頁瀏覽器 grabbing a page have been demonstrated, although this still needs some work. 更加入了Ext2文件系统和 GRUB boot loader 的支援, 讓 ReactOS 與 Linux分区 共存。
自0.2.6版起，Dillo，mIRC 和 網頁瀏覽器Mozilla Firefox(使用Gecko渲染引擎)的DCOM元件 可於ReactOS內運行。部份遊戲如 Unreal Tournament 和 Deus Ex 則已知能以軟體渲染的方式運作。使用 nVidia-Driver 或者 Mesa 3D 的軟模式，OpenGL 的運行只剩下一些小問題。第一個網絡伺服器(Tiny Web Server) 和 The UltraVNC Client 宣佈運行成功。從右圖可見，OpenOffice(1.x版)也有些可以跑了。
及至版本0.2.8，TCP/IP的部份元素開始運作，還有更多的應用程式例如 Notepad、AbiWord、OpenOffice、Deus Ex 和 Unreal Tournament。聲音及USB支援尚在製作中(SB16半工作、USB OHCI 和 UHCI 則仍須勞力) USB功能「借」自 Cromwell。Plug and Play work 亦已展開, as has the move to support WDM. In addition to the Lynx text-based browser, ReactOS 可以以 Mozilla 的 DCOM元件以圖像方式瀏覽網頁。
ReactOS 0.2.8 能偵測自己是否在 VMWare 中運行，繼而到 VMWare Tools ISO 安裝SVGA驅動以提供更佳的GUI表現。CSRSS 經已完全重寫, 一個「重頭寫起」的 Ws2_32 也預計即將完工。Also present in the Trunk are somewhat-working elements of ddraw, dplay and dplayx.
相关项目
ReactOS works with the WINE project so that the ReactOS project can benefit from Wine's progress in implementing the Win32 API. These efforts mainly concern Wine's DLLs, most of which can be shared between ReactOS and Wine. Both projects work on cross-compatibility issues, so that the remaining few DLLs can be used in ReactOS.
未来目标
Image:ReactOS.png ReactOS 的路線圖顯示 發佈0.3.0 將會包含全面的TCP/IP網絡支援。開發者正在進行對USB的支援，並為此把Linux的Cromwell版做法轉了過來。另一個工作中頂目是 www.reactos.org 主頁。
ReactOS developers are working on improving the GUI system, adding networking, multimedia, and plug-and-play hardware support. Java and .NET support (through Mono) has also been stub. Provisions for DOS, OS/2 and POSIX subsystems have also been made, in a similar fashion to the Windows NT subsystems.
In October 2004, the goal for version 1.0 was articulated as a stable implementation of a subset of Windows NT 4.0 Workstation ("ReactOS Workstation"), including TCP/IP networking, client-side and server-side support of CIFS, OpenGL, DirectX and support for Windows device drivers.
現有分支
The ReactOS Developers are currently working on a number of branches for ReactOS:
* Xen Port
* Xbox Port
* PowerPC Port
* OS/2 Support
* POSIX Support
* Ext2 Support
* Cache Manager Rewrite
These changes are not present in the main ReactOS Trunk.
批评
Some critics of the ReactOS project have set forth reasons why they believe ReactOS not to be a worthwhile project. Among these, some have stated that using Windows NT 4.0 compatibility as a goal for an initial release of ReactOS is a limitation, because NT 4.0 is considered deprecated and outdated (as it was first released in 1996).
In response, it has been noted that although the stated goal is compatibility with Windows NT 4.0, each subsequent release of Windows based on the NT code base (such as Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Server 2003) in fact contains a high degree of similarity to NT 4.0 at the system level. Because of this, compatibility with various features of later Windows releases is expected to be quickly achievable once the NT 4.0 goal is reached.
For this reason at least, responders to this criticism have stated that using NT 4.0 compatibility as a milestone is not a limitation, but rather a basis for future development.
Others criticise ReactOS on the grounds that we already have several open source operating systems based on Unix (Linux and the various variants of BSD), and that rather than building a new operating system, it would be better concentrating on improving these and doing work on WINE so that they can better run existing Windows applications. However, ReactOS developers argue that a Unix-style OS is not the only or necessarily the best type of OS, that the design of NT contains many ideas which are an improvement on the Unix way of doing things, and that an OS which is more like Windows at a lower level is more likely to be able to easily run Windows applications. In any case, the ReactOS developers freely volunteering their own time will spend their time on whatever is most fulfilling for them personally. In particular, ReactOS provides an opportunity to be involved in OS development in a way which Linux no longer provides, but once did.
硬件需求
* IA32-capable 處理器 (i486或以上)
* 32MB 内存
* IDE 硬盘
* FAT16/FAT32 启动 分区
* VGA 兼容显示卡
* 标准键盘
* PS/2 兼容鼠标 或 Microsoft 串口兼容鼠标
值得留意的是，ReactOS 亦可在能模擬上述硬件的軟件內運作，比如 Virtual PC、VMWare、Bochs 或 QEMU。
眼見 Windows NT 4.0 可在 i386 以外的 MIPS、Alpha AXP 和 PowerPC 架構運行，而NT衍生的作業系統如Windows XP 和 Windows Server 2003 又已被 ported to several architectures (i.e., AMD64, IA32 and IA64), ReactOS developers have also taken initial steps in view of portability. For example, support for a variant IA32 architecture, the Xbox platform, was added to the 0.2.5 release, and efforts toward a ReactOS port on the PowerPC and the Xen architecture are also underway as of 2005.
参见
* Windows NT
* WINE
* 模拟器 |
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